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Asthma I: Introduction01:28

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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
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Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...
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Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma
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Angora wool asthma in textile industry.

Pietro Sartorelli1, Riccardo Romeo1, Giuseppina Coppola1

  • 1Unit of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, University of Siena, 16 Bracci Avenue, 53100 Siena, Italy.

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Occupational asthma from animal hair exposure can be diagnosed via challenge tests. However, identifying specific allergens like rabbit lipocalin proteins remains challenging due to limited in vitro tests.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Medicine
  • Allergology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Systematic studies on animal hair and skin derivative exposure are lacking.
  • Occupational asthma is a significant concern in industries with animal product handling.
  • A clinical case prompted a review of literature on animal-derived occupational asthma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a case of suspected occupational asthma due to angora wool exposure.
  • To review the literature on asthma caused by animal hair and skin derivatives.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges and potential allergens.

Main Methods:

  • Case study of a textile factory worker with dyspnea.
  • Pulmonary function tests and bronchial provocation tests (methacholine).
  • Specific challenge test with angora wool, total and specific IgE measurements.

Main Results:

  • The patient exhibited abnormal bronchial reactivity and a positive angora wool challenge test (FEV1 decrease >40%).
  • Elevated total IgE and specific IgE to rabbit epithelium were detected.
  • Rabbit epithelial, urinary, and salivary proteins, primarily lipocalins, were identified as allergens.

Conclusions:

  • Occupational asthma from animal derivatives can be diagnosed using challenge tests.
  • Identifying specific allergens, such as rabbit lipocalin proteins, is complex due to a lack of validated in vitro tests.
  • Further research is needed to develop reliable in vitro diagnostics for animal-derived occupational asthma.