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Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism
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Developmental changes in brain function underlying inhibitory control in autism spectrum disorders.

Aarthi Padmanabhan1, Krista Garver, Kirsten O'Hearn

  • 1Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Autism Research : Official Journal of the International Society for Autism Research
|November 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) impacts inhibitory control development. Brain imaging reveals unique neural patterns in adolescents and adults with ASD, suggesting developmental differences in brain circuitry for self-control.

Keywords:
adolescenceantisaccadeautismdevelopmentfMRIinhibitory control

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Autism Research

Background:

  • Inhibitory control, crucial for goal-directed behavior, is often impaired in autism spectrum disorders (ASD).
  • Understanding the developmental trajectory of neural substrates supporting inhibitory control in ASD is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate developmental differences in the neural basis of inhibitory control from adolescence to adulthood in individuals with ASD.
  • To compare brain activity during an inhibitory control task (anti-saccade) between high-functioning adolescents and adults with ASD and typically developing (TD) individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to study the anti-saccade task in high-functioning adolescents and adults with ASD and TD controls.
  • Behavioral performance on the anti-saccade task was assessed across age groups.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with ASD did not exhibit the typical age-related behavioral improvements in inhibitory control observed in TD individuals.
  • While some overlapping neural circuitry was recruited, the ASD group showed distinct patterns: altered frontal eye field recruitment, greater putamen and precuneus activity, and reduced inferior parietal lobule activation.
  • These findings suggest atypical development of brain circuitry supporting inhibitory control in ASD.

Conclusions:

  • Brain circuitry for inhibitory control develops differently in individuals with ASD compared to TD individuals from adolescence to adulthood.
  • There may be an underdevelopment of key brain processes for inhibitory control in ASD, potentially leading to the engagement of compensatory subcortical mechanisms.