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Related Concept Videos

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

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A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
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Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
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Coagulation01:09

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The coagulation phase is a critical part of the body's process to prevent blood loss following injury to blood vessels. It involves chemical reactions that form a clot to seal the injured area. The clotting process begins shortly after injury, within 15-20 seconds for severe damage and 1-2 minutes for minor injuries.
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Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Blood clotting or coagulation involves extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, which ultimately merge into the common pathway, forming a fibrin clot.
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Processing of Primary Brain Tumor Tissue for Stem Cell Assays and Flow Sorting
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Brain neoplasms and coagulation-lessons from heterogeneity.

Esterina D'Asti1, Yi Fang1, Janusz Rak1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, McGill University. Montreal Children's Hospital, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal
|November 12, 2014
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The brain tumor microenvironment involves the coagulation system, influencing tumor growth and progression. Targeting this system with personalized approaches may improve patient survival.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Hematology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The coagulation system is integral to the brain tumor microenvironment.
  • Brain tumor cells express tissue factor (TF) and other coagulation factors, but thrombosis potential varies by tumor type (e.g., glioblastoma multiforme vs. pediatric tumors).
  • The coagulation pathway impacts brain tumor progression via non-thrombotic effects like inflammation and angiogenesis, and in response to treatments like surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted role of the coagulation system in brain tumor progression.
  • To investigate the link between oncogenic pathways, tumor subtypes, and the coagulation system (coagulome).
  • To suggest novel therapeutic strategies targeting the coagulation system in brain tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Review and analysis of existing literature on brain tumors and the coagulation system.
  • Examination of the interplay between oncogenes (EGFR, MET) and tumor suppressors (PTEN, TP53) with tissue factor (TF) expression and activity.
  • Exploration of the influence of the coagulant microenvironment on brain tumor cell evolution.

Main Results:

  • Brain tumor cells' interaction with the coagulation system is diverse and context-dependent.
  • Oncogenic and tumor suppressor pathways modulate tissue factor (TF) expression, activity, and release.
  • The coagulant microenvironment can shape brain tumor cell molecular evolution.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting the coagulation system offers a promising therapeutic avenue for brain tumors.
  • Personalized approaches, including molecular stratification and stage-specific analysis, are crucial.
  • Thromboprophylaxis and adjuvant therapies targeting the coagulation system may enhance patient survival.