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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

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Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
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Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

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Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Hepatitis C virus-associated cancer.

Ming V Lin1, Lindsay Y King, Raymond T Chung

  • 1Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; email: mvlin@mgh.harvard.edu , lyking@partners.org , rtchung@partners.org.

Annual Review of Pathology
|November 12, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes liver cancer through complex interactions, leading to inflammation and genetic changes. This review details the mechanisms of HCV-induced liver cancer development.

Keywords:
cancercirrhosishepatocellular carcinomaliver

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a primary cause of liver cancer.
  • Unlike HBV, HCV does not integrate into the host genome.
  • HCV infection leads to inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of HCV-induced liver cancer.
  • To explore the role of viral and host interactions in hepatocarcinogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on HCV and liver cancer.
  • Analysis of genetic and epigenetic alterations.
  • Examination of viral protein effects on cellular pathways.

Main Results:

  • HCV oncogenesis involves genetic/epigenetic alterations.
  • Viral proteins activate oncogenes and inactivate tumor suppressors.
  • Dysregulation of signal-transduction pathways is implicated.

Conclusions:

  • HCV infection triggers a multi-step process leading to HCC.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapies.
  • Advances in gene expression profiling illuminate HCV-associated cancer pathways.