Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Dissection, MicroCT Scanning and Morphometric Analyses of the Baculum
Published on: March 19, 2017
Sex classification using the three-dimensional tibia form or shape including population specificity approach
Hana Brzobohatá1, Václav Krajíček, Zdeněk Horák
1Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences, Letenska 4, 118 01, Prague, Czech Republic.
Abstract:
The aims of this study were to enable geometric morphometric sex classification using tibial proximal and distal sexual dimorphism and to evaluate the secular trend of tibial shape/form from the early 20th century to the present day. The study samples consisted of 61 adult tibias from an early 20th-century Czech population and 57 three-dimensional tibias from a 21st-century population. Discriminant function analysis with cross-validation was carried out to assess the accuracy of sex classification. Shape analysis revealed significant sex differences in both tibial extremities of the 21st-century sample and in the proximal tibia of the 20th-century population. Sex-based divergence varied between the analyzed samples, raising the issues of population specificity and diachronic change. Classification using tibial form was more successful than using tibial shape. The highest values of correct assignment (91.80% and 88.52%) were found using the form from the early 20th Czech population.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Classification of Bones
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula
Structural Classification of Joints
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...
Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers
Slow oxidative, muscle fibers appear red due to large numbers of capillaries and high levels of...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

