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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Heart01:27

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The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
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The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
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Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
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The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
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[Cilia and heart morphogenesis].

Nicolas Diguet1, Sigolène M Meilhac1

  • 1Institut Pasteur, Département de biologie du développement et cellules souches, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France - CNRS URA2578, 75015 Paris, France.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary cilia are crucial for embryonic development and heart formation. Understanding their role in cardiac cells is key to addressing heart defects in ciliopathies.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Primary cilia, identified as functional organelles in 2000, are essential for embryonic development.
  • Ciliopathies, genetic disorders affecting cilia, frequently manifest with cardiac malformations.
  • Node cilia are critical for establishing left/right asymmetry, impacting heart development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the poorly understood function of primary cilia in cardiac cells.
  • To explore the role of primary cilia in heart development and cardiac cell types.
  • To elucidate the contribution of primary cilia to human cardiopathies associated with ciliopathies.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of mouse models for ciliopathies.
  • Analysis of cardiac phenotypes in these models.
  • Investigating the localization of key receptors (polycystins, hedgehog) in primary cilia.

Main Results:

  • Abnormal heart looping is a recurrent phenotype in ciliopathy models.
  • Primary cilia are implicated in left/right laterality determination.
  • Potential roles for polycystin and hedgehog signaling pathways in cardiac cilia.

Conclusions:

  • Primary cilia play a significant role throughout heart development.
  • Further research into cardiac primary cilia function is essential for understanding ciliopathy-related heart defects.
  • Identifying specific roles in different cardiac cell types will advance therapeutic strategies.