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Related Concept Videos

Body Temperature01:25

Body Temperature

5.5K
The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
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Body Temperature01:07

Body Temperature

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Body temperature reflects the equilibrium between heat production and heat loss within the body. Most heat is generated by metabolically active tissues, particularly the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, and endocrine organs. At rest, skeletal muscles contribute 20–30% of total heat production, but during vigorous exercise, this can increase up to 30–40 times.
The average body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F) and typically ranges from 36.1–37.2°C...
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Hypodermis01:02

Hypodermis

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The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...
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Thermoregulation01:26

Thermoregulation

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The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
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Metabolic Rate01:25

Metabolic Rate

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The human body is a powerhouse of energy, with every cell performing numerous functions that require energy. This energy production and consumption is measured by the metabolic rate, which quantifies the total heat generated by all the body's chemical reactions and mechanical work. This measurement helps to determine the rate of kilocalorie (kcal) consumption needed to fuel all ongoing activities.
The Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) measures the energy expended at rest.
Several factors influence...
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Fats as Energy Storage Molecules01:06

Fats as Energy Storage Molecules

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Using a Combination of Indirect Calorimetry, Infrared Thermography, and Blood Glucose Levels to Measure Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis in Humans
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Using a Combination of Indirect Calorimetry, Infrared Thermography, and Blood Glucose Levels to Measure Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis in Humans

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Brown adipose tissue and thermogenesis.

Anna Fenzl, Florian W Kiefer

    Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation
    |November 13, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Brown adipose tissue (BAT) generates heat and expends energy. White adipose tissue can gain brown fat characteristics ("browning"), offering potential protection against obesity and type 2 diabetes.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Metabolic Physiology
    • Adipose Tissue Biology

    Background:

    • Adipose tissue is a key endocrine organ regulating metabolism.
    • Distinct fat depots, like brown adipose tissue (BAT), have unique metabolic functions.
    • BAT dissipates energy via uncoupled respiration and thermogenesis, mediated by uncoupling protein-1.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the physiology of distinct fat depots.
    • To understand the phenomenon of white adipose tissue (WAT) browning.
    • To highlight the therapeutic potential of enhancing BAT activity or WAT browning.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current understanding of adipose tissue physiology.
    • Analysis of mechanisms underlying thermogenesis in BAT.

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  • Discussion of the 'browning' process in WAT.
  • Consideration of human BAT detection and activation.

    • Main Results:

    • BAT actively produces heat and increases energy expenditure.
    • WAT can acquire BAT-like properties through 'browning' or 'beiging'.
    • Activated human BAT is detectable and responsive to cold, correlating with lower body fat.

    Conclusions:

    • Promoting BAT activity or WAT browning may offer protection against obesity and type 2 diabetes.
    • Human BAT is metabolically active and can be stimulated by cold.
    • Pharmacological strategies to therapeutically harness BAT function are needed.