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Related Concept Videos

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...

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Updated: May 22, 2026

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
05:10

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

[Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (Update 2026)].

Johanna M Brix1,2, Martin Clodi3,4, Jürgen Harreiter5,6

  • 11. Medizinische Abteilung mit Diabetologie, Endokrinologie und Nephrologie, Klinik Landstraße, Wien, Österreich. johanna.brix@gesundheitsverbund.at.

Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift
|May 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary

New obesity treatments, including GLP-1 analogues and tirzepatide, are crucial for managing type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle changes remain fundamental, with updated metabolic treatment guidelines reflecting recent research.

Keywords:
Body compositionMetabolic surgeryNutritionPharmacological obesity therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Obesity is a chronic disease linked to metabolic, mechanical, and psychosocial issues, increasing prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk.
  • Treatment decisions for type 2 diabetes increasingly consider obesity management.
  • Modern pharmacotherapies and metabolic surgery are vital components of integrated care plans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current therapeutic strategies for managing obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • To highlight the role of novel pharmacotherapies like GLP-1 analogues and tirzepatide.
  • To discuss the indications and integration of metabolic surgery into long-term care.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on obesity and type 2 diabetes treatments.
  • Analysis of updated guidelines and clinical evidence for pharmacotherapy and surgical interventions.
  • Focus on advancements in understanding the interplay between obesity and diabetes management.

Main Results:

  • Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogues and tirzepatide are significant in managing obesity and type 2 diabetes.
  • Metabolic surgery is indicated for type 2 diabetes patients with BMI > 30 kg/m², potentially leading to diabetes remission.
  • Lifestyle modifications are the cornerstone of all obesity therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Pharmacological and surgical interventions are evolving rapidly for obesity and type 2 diabetes.
  • Integrated care plans incorporating lifestyle changes, medication, and surgery are essential.
  • Treatment guidelines have been updated to reflect new evidence and therapeutic options.