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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ that plays a crucial role in our digestive system. Measuring about 10 cm in length, it is comparable in size to a kiwi fruit and is located in a hollow area on the lower surface of the liver. The gallbladder's primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that aids in digestion.
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Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model
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Gallbladder cancer.

Mislav Rakić1, Leonardo Patrlj1, Mario Kopljar1

  • 1Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia.

Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition
|November 14, 2014
PubMed
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Gallbladder cancer, a lethal biliary tract malignancy, progresses silently, necessitating early diagnosis. Advances in imaging and surgery improve survival rates for resectable cases.

Keywords:
Gallbladder carcinomagallstoneslaparoscopic cholecystectomyliver resection

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Gallbladder cancer is the most common biliary tract malignancy, comprising 80-95% of cases.
  • It is a highly lethal disease with a poor prognosis, often diagnosed late due to silent progression.
  • Significant geographic and ethnic disparities exist in its occurrence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of gallbladder cancer.
  • To highlight the importance of early diagnosis and improved surgical approaches.
  • To discuss future directions in diagnostic markers and screening.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological studies on gallbladder cancer incidence and risk factors.
  • Analysis of diagnostic challenges and imaging modalities.
  • Evaluation of surgical outcomes and survival rates following resection.

Main Results:

  • Gallbladder cancer has a low 5-year survival rate (<5%) but improves significantly with R0 curative resection (21-69%).
  • Cholelithiasis and chronic inflammation are key environmental triggers.
  • Early diagnosis is crucial, with 0.5-1.5% of cholecystectomies revealing incidental gallbladder cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Improved imaging and aggressive surgical strategies have enhanced patient outcomes.
  • Development of diagnostic markers is needed for screening high-risk populations.
  • Laparoscopic surgery should be avoided in cases with preoperative suspicion of gallbladder cancer.