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Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

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Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Combining Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Skin Cancers via Image Acquisition
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Full-depth epidermis tomography using a Mirau-based full-field optical coherence tomography.

Chien-Chung Tsai1, Chia-Kai Chang1, Kuang-Yu Hsu1

  • 1Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.

Biomedical Optics Express
|November 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary

High-resolution optical coherence tomography images of skin tissue were achieved using a novel Mirau objective. This non-invasive method allows detailed visualization of skin layers and subsurface structures for potential clinical applications.

Keywords:
(060.2380) Fiber optics sources and detectors(160.1435) Biomaterials(170.3880) Medical and biological imaging(170.4500) Optical coherence tomography(180.3170) Interference microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Dermatology
  • Microscopy

Background:

  • High-resolution imaging of skin tissue is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
  • Current methods may be invasive or lack sufficient detail.
  • Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) offers non-invasive imaging capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a high-resolution full-field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) system for skin imaging.
  • To evaluate the system's capability in visualizing microstructures of in vivo and excised skin.
  • To assess its potential for quantitative analysis and clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a Gaussian-like broadband light source from a Ce(3+):YAG single-clad crystal fiber.
  • Employed a home-designed 40× silicone-oil-immersion Mirau objective for FF-OCT.
  • Acquired cross-sectional and en face images of skin tissues.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high spatial resolutions of 0.9 μm (axial) and 0.51 μm (lateral).
  • Enabled clear separation of the lamellar structure of the epidermis.
  • Quantitatively measured stratum corneum layers and thickness.
  • Visualized dermal blood vessels, red blood cell flow, and melanocyte location in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • The developed FF-OCT system provides high-quality, label-free, and non-invasive imaging of skin.
  • Its high resolution allows detailed analysis of epidermal and dermal structures.
  • This optical probe shows promise for clinical evaluation of skin water barrier and other dermatological conditions.