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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
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Spatial working memory interferes with explicit, but not probabilistic cuing of spatial attention.

Bo-Yeong Won1, Yuhong V Jiang1

  • 1Department of Psychology.

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|November 18, 2014
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Summary

Visual working memory interacts with explicit attention but not implicit attention. This suggests distinct mechanisms underlie different forms of spatial attention and working memory.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Empirical and theoretical work suggests a strong link between visual attention and visual working memory.
  • Previous research indicates spatial working memory rehearsal relies on spatial attention.
  • It has been proposed that working memory involves attention directed towards internal representations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the precise relationship between visual working memory and different forms of spatial attention.
  • To determine if visual working memory load affects all types of spatial attention similarly.

Main Methods:

  • Five experiments were conducted where participants maintained visual information in working memory.
  • A visual search task (T-among-L) was performed during the memory retention interval.
  • Target locations were cued either implicitly (probability learning) or explicitly (arrow/verbal cues).

Main Results:

  • A visual working memory load impaired the effectiveness of explicit spatial cuing.
  • However, the same working memory load did not interfere with implicitly learned probability cuing.
  • This dissociation suggests different attentional mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial working memory shares mechanisms with explicit, goal-driven attention.
  • Spatial working memory is dissociated from implicitly learned attention.
  • The relationship between working memory and attention is not uniform across all attention types.