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A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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Memory precision for salient distractors decreases with learned suppression.

Bo-Yeong Won1, Aditi Venkatesh2, Phillip P Witkowski2,3

  • 1Center for Mind and Brain, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA. bywon@ucdavis.edu.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|July 29, 2021
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Summary

Learned attentional suppression reduces the ability of distracting objects to capture attention. This suppression impacts memory and awareness, indicating it functions at a sensory level to limit further processing.

Keywords:
attention and memoryattention capturedistractor suppressionvisual working memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Processing

Background:

  • Attention acts as a cognitive filter, controlling information flow to memory and awareness.
  • Salient, irrelevant stimuli can involuntarily capture attention, despite task goals.
  • Repeated exposure to distractors can reduce their attentional capture, but downstream effects on cognition are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if learned attentional suppression, shown by reduced capture costs, affects memory and awareness of salient distractors.
  • To determine if suppression operates at a sensory level, preventing further cognitive processing.

Main Methods:

  • Participants were repeatedly exposed to salient nontarget objects (color singletons).
  • Attentional capture costs were measured to quantify suppression.
  • Memory precision and subjective awareness of the distractors were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Increased learned suppression correlated with decreased memory precision for the salient distractor.
  • Stronger suppression was associated with reduced confidence in even perceiving the distractor.
  • Reduced capture costs were linked to diminished memory and awareness.

Conclusions:

  • Learned attentional suppression appears to operate at the sensory level.
  • This suppression mechanism limits the processing of salient distractors, impacting subsequent memory and awareness.
  • Findings suggest a trade-off between attentional control and the processing of irrelevant information.