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Dynamic stability analysis for a self-mixing interferometry system.

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    Self-mixing interferometry (SMI) systems, using laser diodes (LDs), exhibit dynamic behaviors influenced by optical feedback and cavity length. Stability analysis reveals distinct operational regions, with semi-stable zones offering potential for sensing applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Laser Physics
    • Nonlinear Dynamics

    Background:

    • Self-mixing interferometry (SMI) systems utilize laser diodes (LDs) with external cavities formed by moving targets.
    • System behavior is governed by injection current (J), optical feedback (C), external cavity length (L₀), and phase (ϕ₀).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Investigate the dynamic behavior and stability of SMI systems using the Lang-Kobayashi model.
    • Characterize system behavior across different operational regions based on optical feedback and phase parameters.

    Main Methods:

    • Employed the Lang-Kobayashi model for theoretical analysis.
    • Conducted simulations and experimental validation.
    • Analyzed the stability boundary in the (C, ϕ₀) plane to derive critical feedback factor C(critical).

    Main Results:

    • Identified stable, semi-stable, and unstable regions in the (C, ϕ₀) plane.
    • Demonstrated that increasing L₀ or J enhances system stability.
    • Found existing SMI models are valid only for the stable region.

    Conclusions:

    • The semi-stable region presents opportunities for sensing and measurement, requiring re-modeling with consideration for detection component bandwidth.
    • Understanding these dynamic regions is crucial for optimizing SMI system performance and applications.