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Related Concept Videos

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In fluid mechanics, buoyancy and stability are key concepts for understanding the behavior of submerged and floating bodies. When a stationary body is fully or partially submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts a force on the body known as the buoyant force. This force acts vertically upward through a point called the center of buoyancy, which is the center of the displaced fluid volume. According to Archimedes' principle, the magnitude of the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid...
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When an object is placed in a fluid, it either floats or sinks. All objects in a fluid experience a buoyant force. For example, a metal ball sinks, while a rubber ball floats. Similarly, a submarine can sink and float by adjusting its buoyancy.  The concept of buoyancy raises several interesting questions. For instance, where does this buoyant force come from? How much buoyant force is required to make an object sink or float? Do objects that sink get any support at all from the...
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When a lump of clay is dropped into water, it sinks. But if the same lump of clay is molded into the shape of a boat, it starts to float. Because of its shape, the clay boat displaces more water than the lump and experiences a greater buoyant force, even though its mass is the same. The same holds true for steel ships. The average density of an object majorly determines if the object will float. If an object's average density is less than that of the surrounding fluid, it will float. The...
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A hydraulic jump is a sudden rise in fluid depth in open channels, occurring when high-velocity (supercritical) flow transitions to low-velocity (subcritical) flow. This phenomenon requires an upstream Froude number greater than 1, as flows with Fr1<1 remain subcritical, making a hydraulic jump impossible due to the need for negative head loss, which violates thermodynamic principles.The characteristics of a hydraulic jump depend on the upstream Froude number and are classified as...
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Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Measurement of Dynamic Force Acted on Water Strider Leg Jumping Upward by the PVDF Film Sensor
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A smart "strider" can float on both water and oils.

Liming Qin1, Jie Zhao, Shengbin Lei

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|November 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel "strider" device with UV-switchable wettability legs. This smart aquatic device can float on water and oil, offering potential for environmental cleanup and surveillance applications.

Keywords:
TiO2 nanoparticlesUV switchable wettabilitymussel-inspired processsmart aquatic devicesupporting force

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Developing aquatic devices with dual water and oil repellence is crucial for environmental applications.
  • Existing materials face challenges in achieving excellent repellence to both water and oils simultaneously.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a novel artificial
  • strider
  • device capable of floating on both water and oils.
  • To engineer switchable wettability in supporting legs using ultraviolet (UV) light.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of supporting legs by immobilizing titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and n-dodecanethiol onto copper foams using a mussel-inspired process.
  • Utilizing UV illumination to alter the wettability of the fabricated legs.
  • Testing the floating and stability behavior of the device on water and oil interfaces.

Main Results:

  • The fabricated legs exhibited switchable wettability from superhydrophobicity to underwater superoleophobicity upon UV illumination.
  • The artificial
  • strider
  • floated on water at ambient conditions and stably positioned itself at the water/CHCl3 interface after UV treatment.
  • Micro/nanohierarchical structures and photosensitivity of TiO2 nanoparticles were identified as key factors for the switchable wettability and supporting force.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents a viable strategy for fabricating smart aquatic devices with UV-switchable wettability.
  • These devices hold promise for applications in water environment protection, water resource surveillance, and oil spill cleanup.