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Related Concept Videos

Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

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John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
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Evolutionary Processes in Microbes01:26

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Microbial evolution occurs rapidly due to short generation times and a variety of genetic processes, including horizontal gene transfer, mutation, recombination, and genetic drift. These mechanisms collectively enable microbes to adapt swiftly to changing environments.Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) allows genes to move between different species and occurs through three main mechanisms: conjugation, transformation, and transduction. Conjugation involves direct cell-to-cell contact for DNA...
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Evolution of New Traits in Microbes01:24

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes

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Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...
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The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

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Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
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Eukaryotic Evolution01:24

Eukaryotic Evolution

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The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
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What is Evolutionary History?02:35

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Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.
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Tracking and Quantifying Developmental Processes in C. elegans Using Open-source Tools
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Evolutionary cell biology: two origins, one objective.

Michael Lynch1, Mark C Field2, Holly V Goodson3

  • 1Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405; milynch@indiana.edu ssazer@bcm.edu.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|November 19, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Evolutionary cell biology merges cell and evolutionary biology to understand cellular mechanisms driving biological diversity. This interdisciplinary approach offers insights into genetic variation and impacts medicine and agriculture.

Keywords:
adaptive evolutioncell biologycellular evolutionevolutionary cell biologyrandom genetic drift

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Cell biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Biophysics
  • Population genetics

Background:

  • Biological diversification originates from cellular evolution.
  • Understanding cellular function and origin is key.
  • A gap exists in synthesizing cell and evolutionary biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Define evolutionary cell biology as an interdisciplinary field.
  • Mechanistically understand evolutionary processes.
  • Integrate an evolutionary perspective into cell biology.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical and quantitative approaches from biochemistry, biophysics, and population genetics.
  • Examining variation within and among species.
  • Utilizing single-cell methodologies for genotype variation quantification.

Main Results:

  • Emerging field yielding substantial impact on cell biology.
  • Potential to solve problems in diverse biological areas.
  • Investigating the roles of selection, neutral processes, and constraints on intracellular features.

Conclusions:

  • Evolutionary cell biology offers a unified framework.
  • Addresses fundamental questions about cellular variation.
  • Future findings will impact agriculture, medicine, environmental science, and synthetic biology.