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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Identifying Targets of Human microRNAs with the LightSwitch Luciferase Assay System using 3'UTR-reporter Constructs and a microRNA Mimic in Adherent Cells
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What do all the (human) micro-RNAs do?

Alfred Ultsch, Jörn Lötsch1

  • 1Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe - University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. j.loetsch@em.uni-frankfurt.de.

BMC Genomics
|November 19, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression, influencing processes from development to homeostasis. This study reveals their crucial role in controlling genes that, in turn, regulate other genes, highlighting a fundamental layer of biological control.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Systems Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) function as regulatory mechanisms for protein-coding gene expression.
  • Dysregulation of miRNAs is implicated in various pathophysiological processes, suggesting diverse biological roles.
  • This study examines the interactions between 788 human miRNAs and 2954 genes from a genomics perspective.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the systems-biology functions of miRNAs.
  • To identify the biological processes influenced by miRNA-regulated genes.
  • To guide future research on miRNA (dys)regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic analysis of miRNA-gene interactions.
  • Utilized empirical evidence and computational predictions for interaction data.
  • Assessed biological roles of interacting genes and miRNAs.

Main Results:

  • miRNA-influenced genes are involved in biological regulation, metabolism, information processing, development, gene expression, and tissue homeostasis.
  • A key finding is the role of miRNAs in hyper-regulating gene expression, specifically controlling genes that manage other gene expressions.
  • This suggests a fundamental regulatory role for miRNAs in gene expression hierarchies.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully transferred miRNA knowledge to a systems-biology level.
  • A clear description of biological processes involving miRNA-influenced genes was established.
  • miRNAs play a critical role in controlling gene expression networks, particularly by regulating genes that govern other gene expressions.