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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease
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Olfactory dysfunction in dementia.

Jorge Alves1, Agavni Petrosyan1, Rosana Magalhães1

  • 1Jorge Alves, Rosana Magalhães, Cognitive Rehabilitation Center, 4710-228 Braga, Portugal.

World Journal of Clinical Cases
|November 19, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Olfactory dysfunction is common in aging and dementia, like Alzheimer's disease. Early detection using simple tools can improve diagnosis and patient care.

Keywords:
AgingDementiaOlfactionOlfactory dysfunction

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Aging naturally leads to olfactory dysfunction.
  • Olfactory dysfunction is a common early symptom in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Vascular Dementia, and Frontotemporal Dementia.
  • The clinical significance of olfactory dysfunction in dementia remains underappreciated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review olfactory dysfunction profiles in various dementia types.
  • To compile accessible olfactory assessment tools.
  • To highlight future research directions for improved diagnosis and patient care.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of olfactory dysfunction in dementia.
  • Compilation of readily available olfaction assessment tools.

Main Results:

  • Specific olfactory dysfunction patterns are associated with different dementia types.
  • Several user-friendly olfaction tests are available for clinical and research use.

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory dysfunction is a relevant biomarker for dementia.
  • Accessible assessment tools can aid in early detection and diagnosis.
  • Further research is needed to integrate olfactory testing into routine clinical practice for dementia care.