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Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer
Published on: November 2, 2013
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Urinary biomarkers for prostate cancer.
1University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Current Opinion in Urology
|November 19, 2014
Summary
New urinary biomarkers, including prostate cancer antigen 3 and TMPRSS2:erg fusion, aid in evaluating prostate cancer risk. These tests help identify significant cancers early and guide active surveillance, reducing unnecessary biopsies.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Oncology
- Biomarker Discovery
Background:
- Prostate cancer early detection faces challenges due to overdiagnosis concerns and a shift towards active surveillance for low-risk cases.
- The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends against prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening, impacting diagnostic strategies.
- There's a growing need for methods to efficiently identify clinically significant prostate cancers while minimizing invasive procedures like biopsies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of emerging urinary biomarkers in the evolving landscape of prostate cancer early detection.
- To assess the utility of these biomarkers in risk stratification for men undergoing prostate biopsy and active surveillance.
- To highlight advancements in prostate cancer diagnostics that balance early detection with reduced invasiveness.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent literature on urinary biomarkers for prostate cancer detection and prognostication.
- Evaluation of FDA-approved biomarkers such as prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) and tests based on TMPRSS2:erg fusion.
- Analysis of studies investigating the combined use of biomarkers for improved risk assessment.
Main Results:
- Prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) is an approved urinary biomarker for prostate cancer.
- A second urinary test based on TMPRSS2:erg fusion has been developed.
- Combined use of these urinary biomarkers enhances risk evaluation in prostate cancer detection.
- Initial studies exploring urinary biomarkers for active surveillance are promising.
Conclusions:
- Urinary biomarkers play a significant role in supplementing risk evaluation for men considered for prostate biopsy.
- These biomarkers are valuable tools for prognostication in prostate cancer management.
- Further validation is needed for novel biomarkers currently in development.
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