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Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
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Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance...
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Atelectasis develops when alveoli lose their air and collapse inward. Because lung tissue is naturally elastic, these air sacs shrink rather than remaining open. Collapsed alveoli are no longer ventilated, reducing their role in gas exchange. Blood flow may continue in these regions, creating a ventilation–perfusion mismatch. Clinical findings include decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, reduced chest expansion, and decreased tactile fremitus as sound transmission through...
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All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
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Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model
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Diffuse pulmonary ossification in permanent vegetative state.

Andrea Porzionato1, Veronica Macchi, Ugo Da Broi

  • 1Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.

Pathology International
|November 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diffuse pulmonary ossification (DPO), a rare lung condition, was found in a patient in a long-lasting vegetative state. This case highlights potential links between PVS, recurrent infections, and bone formation in the lungs.

Keywords:
MicroCTlungpulmonary ossificationvegetative state

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Pathology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Diffuse pulmonary ossification (DPO) is a rare lung condition involving metaplastic bone formation.
  • Two patterns exist: dendriform and nodular, with dendriform often linked to chronic lung diseases.

Observation:

  • This study presents the first documented case of DPO in a patient with a persistent vegetative state (PVS).
  • Micro-computed tomography (MicroCT) was used to analyze lung tissue, revealing a mean ossification volume of 0.79%.

Findings:

  • 3-D reconstructions from MicroCT demonstrated the branching pattern and internal cavities of ossifications.
  • The findings suggest that PVS may predispose individuals to DPO due to factors like recurrent infections and respiratory instability.

Implications:

  • Recurrent pulmonary infections and immobility in PVS patients may promote DPO.
  • Further research is needed to explore the incidence and significance of DPO in PVS and other bedridden patients.
  • MicroCT offers a sensitive tool for analyzing DPO in future studies.