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Targeting Biofilm Associated Staphylococcus aureus Using Resazurin Based Drug-susceptibility Assay

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Community-onset Staphylococcus aureus Surveillance Programme annual report, 2012.

Geoffrey W Coombs¹, Denise A Daly², Julie C Pearson¹

¹Australian Collaborating Centre for Enterococcus and Staphylococcus Species (ACCESS) Typing and Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia and Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, PathWest Laboratory Medicine-WA, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia.

Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report

|November 20, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) increased significantly in Australia from 2000 to 2012. Community-associated MRSA strains, particularly Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) positive clones, are expanding among younger individuals.

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Epidemiology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

The Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) conducted a national survey in 2012 to assess the prevalence and characteristics of clinical Staphylococcus aureus.
The survey focused on community-onset infections in outpatients and residents of long-term care facilities, excluding day surgery and dialysis patients.

Observation:

A significant increase in the national proportion of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was observed, rising from 11.5% in 2000 to 17.9% in 2012.
While resistance to vancomycin, teicoplanin, and linezolid was absent in S. aureus, resistance to erythromycin was noted in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus.
Health care-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) constituted 5.1% of S. aureus isolates, with ST22-IV [2B] (EMRSA-15) and ST239-III [3A] (Aus-2/3 EMRSA) being the predominant clones.

Findings:

Community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) accounted for 12.5% of all S. aureus isolates, with a notable expansion of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) positive CA-MRSA clones.
Regional variations in MRSA resistance were linked to the distribution of HA-MRSA clones, particularly the multi-drug resistant ST239-III [3A] and the ciprofloxacin/erythromycin resistant ST22-IV [2B].
PVL-positive CA-MRSA infections were significantly more common in younger patients (mean age 31.7 years) compared to PVL-negative CA-MRSA infections (mean age 55.7 years).

Implications:

The changing molecular epidemiology of MRSA in Australia, characterized by the rise of specific CA-MRSA clones, may lead to an increased incidence of hospitalizations for skin and soft tissue infections among young Australians.
Understanding the prevalence and characteristics of different MRSA strains is crucial for guiding antimicrobial stewardship and public health interventions.
Continued surveillance of antimicrobial resistance patterns and MRSA clonal spread is essential to inform clinical practice and policy.