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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

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DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

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Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory...
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Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

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The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
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Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

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DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
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Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

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Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
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Nerve Ultrasound Protocol to Detect Dysimmune Neuropathies
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Diabetic radiculoplexus neuropathies.

Ruple S Laughlin1, P James B Dyck2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|November 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diabetic radiculoplexus neuropathies (DRPN) are distinct from diabetic polyneuropathies (DPN), often presenting with pain and incomplete recovery. Early identification is crucial as DRPN may benefit from immune therapy due to microvasculitis.

Keywords:
Diabetic amyotrophyDiabetic radiculoplexus neuropathyInflammatory neuropathy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Diabetic radiculoplexus neuropathies (DRPN) are distinct from diabetic polyneuropathies (DPN).
  • DRPN typically present with subacute onset, pain, and incomplete recovery.
  • Pathologically, DRPN involves ischemic injury, altered immunity, and microvasculitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate DRPN from DPN.
  • To highlight the pathological basis of DRPN.
  • To emphasize the importance of early DRPN diagnosis for potential immune therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical presentation analysis.
  • Pathological feature examination.
  • Distinguishing DRPN from other diabetic neuropathies.

Main Results:

  • DRPN exhibits distinct clinical and pathological features compared to DPN.
  • Ischemic injury and microvasculitis are key pathological findings in DRPN.
  • DRPN may respond to immune-based treatments.

Conclusions:

  • DRPN is a distinct entity requiring early identification.
  • Understanding DRPN's pathology supports considering immune therapies.
  • Differentiating DRPN from DPN is critical for appropriate patient management.