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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

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DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
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Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

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Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration...
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Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

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Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory...
3
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

2.0K
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's...
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Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

11
DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
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Diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

Roy Freeman1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|November 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diabetes mellitus commonly causes autonomic neuropathy, affecting multiple body systems. This condition leads to significant disability and mortality in diabetic patients.

Keywords:
Autonomiccardiac autonomic neuropathydiabetic neuropathyhypoglycemia-associated autonomic failureorthostatic hypotensionparasympatheticsympathetictreatment-induced neuropathy

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neurology
  • Diabetology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of autonomic neuropathy globally.
  • Diabetic autonomic neuropathy impacts cardiovascular, urogenital, gastrointestinal, and other systems.
  • It contributes significantly to the morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the clinical impact of diabetic autonomic neuropathy.
  • To outline the various syndromes of autonomic dysfunction in diabetes.
  • To highlight the significance of autonomic manifestations in diabetic complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of diabetic autonomic neuropathy.
  • Analysis of associated syndromes and clinical manifestations.
  • Review of impact on patient mortality and morbidity.

Main Results:

  • Identified generalized diabetic autonomic neuropathy, prediabetic neuropathy, treatment-induced neuropathy, and hypoglycemia-associated neuropathy.
  • Confirmed widespread system involvement including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and sudomotor functions.
  • Established autonomic neuropathy as a major contributor to diabetic peripheral neuropathy complications.

Conclusions:

  • Diabetic autonomic neuropathy is a prevalent and serious complication of diabetes.
  • It manifests in various forms and affects numerous physiological systems.
  • Addressing autonomic dysfunction is crucial for managing diabetic complications and improving patient outcomes.