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Related Concept Videos

Extracellular Matrix01:26

Extracellular Matrix

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Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. This extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of fibrous proteins like collagen, elastin, and fibronectin in a ground substance consisting of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans. The proteoglycans form a gel-like material in the spaces between cells and provide hydration, buffering, binding, and force...
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The Extracellular Matrix01:42

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The Extracellular Matrix01:29

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In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
Composition of the Extracellular Matrix
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Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions

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The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
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Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
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Basal Lamina are the Specialized Form of ECM01:03

Basal Lamina are the Specialized Form of ECM

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The basal lamina is a thin extracellular layer that lies underneath the cells and separates them from other tissues. The three layers of the basal lamina are lamina lucida, lamina densa and lamina reticularis. The basal lamina, a mixture of glycoproteins and collagen, provides an attachment site for the epithelium, separating it from underlying connective tissue. The framework of basal lamina has other essential proteins such as laminins mesh, perlecan, entactin, and type IV collagen.
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Neural ECM and epilepsy.

Asla Pitkänen1, Xavier E Ndode-Ekane2, Katarzyna Łukasiuk3

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.

Progress in Brain Research
|November 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New research highlights the extracellular matrix (ECM) as a key player in epilepsy development and progression. Targeting ECM components offers potential for novel epilepsy treatments beyond current antiepileptic drugs.

Keywords:
LGI1autismepileptogenesisheparan sulfate proteoglycanimagingmatrix metalloproteinasetenascinurokinase

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Current antiepileptic drugs inadequately control seizures in ~30% of patients and can cause adverse events.
  • No treatments exist to combat epileptogenesis, the process leading to epilepsy development and progression.
  • There is a critical need for novel epilepsy treatment targets to address these unmet needs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in epileptogenesis and ictogenesis.
  • To explore the involvement of the ECM in epilepsy-related comorbidities.
  • To summarize current data on ECM imaging in epilepsy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on ECM components: urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor interactome, matrix metalloproteinases, tenascin-R, and LGI1.
  • Analysis of ECM's role in tissue reorganization and synaptic excitability during epileptogenesis.
  • Review of studies on ECM imaging techniques in epilepsy.

Main Results:

  • ECM components significantly contribute to tissue remodeling during epileptogenesis.
  • The ECM regulates synaptic excitability, influencing seizure activity (ictogenesis).
  • ECM's role extends to epilepsy-related comorbidities and is amenable to advanced imaging.

Conclusions:

  • The extracellular matrix presents promising novel therapeutic targets for epilepsy.
  • Understanding ECM's role is crucial for developing treatments for epileptogenesis and improving patient outcomes.
  • ECM imaging may offer new diagnostic and monitoring tools for epilepsy.