Biologic width adjacent to loaded implants with machined and rough collars in the dog

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Dental Implantology
• Periodontology

Background:

• Dental implant surface technology has advanced from machined to roughened surfaces to improve osseointegration.
• Peri-implantitis, characterized by soft tissue inflammation and bone loss, is a growing concern.
• Bacterial plaque accumulation on roughened surfaces is hypothesized to contribute to peri-implantitis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the biologic response to machined versus roughened (SLActive) transmucosal implant surfaces in a canine model.
• To evaluate the effects of surface topography on soft tissue integration, inflammation, and bone response.

Main Methods:

• Histological and histomorphometric analysis of 36 machined and 36 SLActive tissue-level implants after 3 and 12 months of loading in dogs.
• Evaluation of connective tissue contact, junctional epithelium, biologic width, inflammation, and bone formation.

Main Results:

• Connective tissue contact was similar between machined and SLActive surfaces.
• Junctional epithelium and biologic width were greater around machined collars.
• Inflammation levels were comparable, while SLActive surfaces showed enhanced bone and mature collagen formation.

Conclusions:

• Roughened SLActive implant surfaces do not lead to increased inflammation or bone loss compared to machined surfaces, despite potential plaque accumulation.
• The SLActive surface demonstrated enhanced osteoconductivity and promoted more mature soft tissue healing.
• Surface roughness may positively influence osseointegration and peri-implant tissue health without adverse biologic consequences.