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Treating atherosclerosis with regulatory T cells.

Amanda C Foks1, Andrew H Lichtman1, Johan Kuiper2

  • 1From the Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.C.F., A.H.L.); and Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.K.).

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Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for immune balance. Restoring Treg function offers therapeutic potential for preventing cardiovascular disease by modulating inflammation and cholesterol metabolism.

Keywords:
atherosclerosisimmune system

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are vital for immune homeostasis, suppressing T-cell responses and secreting inhibitory cytokines like IL-10 and TGF-β.
  • Dysfunctional or reduced Treg numbers are linked to various diseases, including atherosclerosis, due to an imbalance with pro-inflammatory cells.
  • This imbalance promotes atherosclerotic disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on regulatory T cell subsets, their specific roles, and functions within the context of atherosclerosis.
  • To explore and discuss emerging therapeutic strategies leveraging Tregs for cardiovascular disease prevention.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing recent findings from preclinical and clinical studies.
  • Focuses on analyzing the mechanisms by which Tregs influence immune responses and metabolic processes relevant to atherosclerosis.
  • Examines various approaches for Treg induction and modulation.

Main Results:

  • Tregs actively suppress effector T cell differentiation and function.
  • Tregs modulate macrophage polarization towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype, inhibit foam cell formation, and influence cholesterol metabolism.
  • Tregs also suppress immune responses in endothelial cells and innate lymphoid cells, contributing to vascular health.

Conclusions:

  • Restoring the balance of regulatory T cells presents a promising therapeutic avenue for cardiovascular disease prevention.
  • Targeting Treg subsets and enhancing their function can mitigate atherosclerotic processes.
  • Further research into Treg-based therapies holds significant potential for managing cardiovascular conditions.