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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Phylum Chlamydiae01:29

Bacterial Phylum Chlamydiae

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The phylum Chlamydiae or Chlamydiota is composed of a single order, Chlamydiales. This phylum consists entirely of obligate intracellular parasites that infect eukaryotic hosts. While human pathogens within this group have been studied extensively, the phylum encompasses many species capable of interacting with various eukaryotic organisms. Members of Chlamydiae are typically small cocci, approximately 0.5 μm in diameter, and exhibit a distinctive developmental cycle. As is characteristic...
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Adherens Junctions01:24

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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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The cadherins were one of the first cell adhesion molecules discovered; the term “cadherins”   is based on their calcium-dependent adhering properties. The first cadherins discovered on the epithelial, neuronal, and placental cells were named E-cadherin, P-cadherin, and N-cadherin, respectively. These classical cadherins share sequence and structural similarities. Other cadherins, including those involved in cell signaling, are grouped into non-classical cadherins. This...
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Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
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Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Live-Cell Forward Genetic Approach to Identify and Isolate Developmental Mutants in Chlamydia trachomatis
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Host nectin-1 is required for efficient Chlamydia trachomatis serovar E development.

Jennifer V Hall1, Jingru Sun2, Jessica Slade1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University Johnson City, TN, USA ; Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University Johnson City, TN, USA.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
|November 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Herpes Simplex Virus glycoprotein D interaction with nectin-1 during co-infection induces chlamydial persistence. Loss of nectin-1 signaling negatively impacts Chlamydia trachomatis development, highlighting nectin-1

Keywords:
Chlamydia trachomatisNectin-1chlamydial stress responseco-infectionherpes simplex viruspersistencepersistent chlamydiae

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Virology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Co-infection with Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) and Chlamydia trachomatis leads to chlamydial persistence.
  • HSV glycoprotein D (gD) interacts with host cell co-receptors to mediate viral entry.
  • Nectin-1 is a high-affinity entry receptor for HSV-1 and HSV-2.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of host co-receptors in HSV/Chlamydia trachomatis co-infection.
  • To determine the specific co-receptor involved in HSV-induced chlamydial persistence.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which HSV influences Chlamydia trachomatis development.

Main Methods:

  • Western blot and RT-PCR to analyze co-receptor expression in HeLa and HEC-1B cells.
  • Co-infection experiments using HSV-1 mutants specific to nectin-1.
  • Immunofluorescence assays to assess nectin-1 expression during HSV infection.
  • Chlamydial infection studies in nectin-1 knockdown (NKD) HeLa cell lines.

Main Results:

  • HeLa and HEC-1B cells express nectin-1 and nectin-2, but not HVEM.
  • HSV-1 mutants targeting nectin-1 induced chlamydial persistence, characterized by aberrant body formation and reduced elementary body production.
  • HSV infection led to decreased nectin-1 expression and impaired Chlamydia trachomatis development in NKD cells.
  • Loss of nectin-1 signaling negatively influenced chlamydial growth and infectious elementary body production.

Conclusions:

  • Nectin-1 is a crucial host co-receptor involved in HSV-induced chlamydial persistence.
  • HSV interaction with nectin-1 negatively impacts Chlamydia trachomatis development.
  • Nectin-1 signaling is essential for successful Chlamydia trachomatis development during co-infection.