Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Neurobiological Features and an Updated Model

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Psychiatry
• Genetics

Background:

• Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) affects ~2% of the population.
• BDD is characterized by misperceived appearance defects, obsessive preoccupation, and compulsive behaviors.
• Limited research exists on the neurobiological underpinnings of BDD.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent neuropsychological, genetic, neurochemical, psychophysical, and neuroimaging studies on BDD.
• To synthesize current findings into a preliminary neurobiological model of BDD pathophysiology.
• To identify areas for future research into BDD etiology and symptom development.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of relevant scientific studies.
• Synthesis of findings from various neurobiological research domains.
• Development of a conceptual neurobiological model for BDD.

Main Results:

• Evidence suggests neurobiological abnormalities are associated with BDD symptoms.
• A proposed model highlights visual perceptual abnormalities.
• Frontostriatal and limbic system dysfunction are implicated in BDD.

Conclusions:

• The proposed model integrates visual, frontostriatal, and limbic system factors.
• Impaired insight, obsessive thoughts, and compulsive behaviors in BDD may stem from these dysfunctions.
• Further research is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of BDD's origins and progression.