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Beck's Cognitive Therapy01:25

Beck's Cognitive Therapy

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Cognitive therapy is a psychological approach designed to address distortions in thinking, which can lead to negative emotions and unrealistic beliefs. These cognitive distortions often influence how individuals interpret and respond to situations, exacerbating emotional distress. Below are some prevalent cognitive distortions, their characteristics, and examples of how they manifest in thought processes.
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Information Processing Approach01:30

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
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Thought disorder and executive ability.

J McGrath, S Scheldt, P Hengstberger

    Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
    |November 25, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study links impaired executive functions, specifically set-shifting abilities, to different types of thought disorder in patients with schizophrenia and mania. Findings support a neurocognitive model of executive dysfunction in psychosis.

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Neuroscience
    • Psychiatry

    Background:

    • Thought disorder is a core symptom in psychiatric conditions like schizophrenia and mania.
    • Existing neurocognitive models often link executive functions to thought disorder, but specific set-shifting deficits require further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine the relationship between set-shifting abilities and specific types of thought disorder.
    • To test a neurocognitive model implicating executive dysfunction in the pathogenesis of thought disorder.

    Main Methods:

    • Assessed patients with schizophrenia (n=36), mania (n=18), and healthy controls (n=20) on two occasions.
    • Utilized tests sensitive to set-shifting: free speech, Controlled Oral Word Association, Stroop, Wisconsin Card Sort, and Trail Making tests.

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    Main Results:

    • Impaired set maintenance correlated with positive thought disorder.
    • Impaired set establishment correlated with poverty of speech.
    • Impaired set shifting associated with perseveration in speech.

    Conclusions:

    • The study supports a neurocognitive model linking executive function deficits, particularly set-shifting impairments, to specific thought disorder symptoms.
    • Findings highlight the role of executive dysfunction in the development of thought disorder.