Intergenerational living arrangements in Myanmar and Thailand: a comparative analysis

The present study compares living arrangements and related intergenerational support in Myanmar and Thailand based on recent national surveys of older persons in both countries and prior surveys in Thailand. The countries share relatively similar cultural contexts but differ radically in economic development. Substantially higher percentages of older persons in Myanmar currently coreside with their children and are considerably more likely to have non-coresident children living in the same locality. They are also less likely to live with a spouse and to have children living at a substantial distance. Older persons in Myanmar are much less likely to have phone contact with children living away and less likely to receive visits. Thai elders are considerably more likely to provide custodial care to grandchildren with absent parents and to live in skip generation households. Older Thais are also considerably more likely to receive substantial remittances from non-coresident children. The living arrangements of older age Thais in the past, however, more closely resembles the current situation in Myanmar. It appears that current differences are largely attributable to the more advanced Thai economic development through its associated impacts on migration, fertility and mortality. Contrasting political situations and government priorities also likely play a role. The results provide insights into the implications of development for older persons and suggest that if the recent course of political transformation and opening to the global economy continues in Myanmar, living arrangements there may well follow the trends in Thailand over past decades.