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Related Concept Videos

Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments01:14

Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments

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The straight or branched structure formation of actin filaments is controlled by nucleating proteins such as the formins and Arp2/3 complex. Formin-mediated assembly results in straight filaments, whereas Arp2/3 protein complex-mediated assembly results in branched actin filaments.
Arp2/3 Complex
Arp2/3 complex is a seven-subunit complex consisting of two proteins similar to actin- Arp2 and Arp3, and five other subunits that help keep Arp2 and Arp3 inactive. When required, the complex is...
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Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility01:13

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Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
Actin cytoskeleton dynamics can produce pushing, pulling, and resistance forces that help the cell to migrate....
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Actin Filament Depolymerization01:19

Actin Filament Depolymerization

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Actin filaments (F-actin) are composed of actin subunits. The dissociation of actin monomers can occur from either end of F-actin. The rate of dissociation is faster from the minus-end or the pointed end, where the actin subunits exist with a bound ADP, together known as ADP-actin. The depolymerization of F-actin is aided by proteins, including the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) and cofilin family of proteins, gelsolin, and glia maturation factor (GMF).
In F-actin, the ADF/cofilin proteins...
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Actin Polymerization01:42

Actin Polymerization

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Actin polymerization occurs through the head-to-tail association of binding sites on monomeric actin or G-actin to form filamentous or F-actin. The polymerization can be divided into three phases ̶  nucleation, elongation, and steady-state phase.
The nucleation phase involves forming a stable nucleus consisting of three actin monomers to form a new actin filament. Actin-binding proteins such as formins and Arp2/3 complex help filament growth post-nucleation. The Formins form straight...
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Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration

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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation01:31

Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation

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Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
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Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Analyses of Actin Dynamics, Clutch Coupling and Traction Force for Growth Cone Advance
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Signaling to actin stochastic dynamics.

Jiejie Li1, Laurent Blanchoin, Christopher J Staiger

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences and.

Annual Review of Plant Biology
|November 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary

New microscopy reveals the dynamic nature of actin filaments in plant cells. This review highlights actin dynamics, associated proteins, and their role in cellular signaling and responses.

Keywords:
actinactin-binding proteinscytoskeletal dynamicslive-cell imagingsignal transduction

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Area of Science:

  • Plant cell biology
  • Cytoskeletal dynamics

Background:

  • The actin cytoskeleton is crucial for cellular processes like vesicle trafficking and organelle movement.
  • Conventional imaging provides static views, but new techniques reveal dynamic actin filament behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on actin and actin-binding proteins in plants.
  • To focus on the quantitative dynamics of individual actin filament turnover.
  • To explore the role of actin dynamics in plant signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advances in live-cell microscopy.
  • Analysis of quantitative properties of actin filament turnover.
  • Summary of genetic evidence dissecting stochastic dynamics models.
  • Description of signaling pathways involving actin dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Microscopy advances have unveiled the dynamic nature of actin filaments.
  • Actin filament turnover and associated proteins are key to cellular functions.
  • Genetic studies support stochastic dynamics models for actin.

Conclusions:

  • Actin dynamics are fundamental to plant cell function and response.
  • Understanding actin dynamics provides insights into cytoplasmic responses and signaling pathways.