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Related Concept Videos

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems01:11

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

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Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention01:05

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Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...
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Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

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Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

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Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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External Cross-linked Mucoadhesive Microbeads for Prolonged Drug Release: Development and In vitro Characterization.

Harshil Patel1, A Srinatha1, B K Sridhar1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutics, National College of Pharmacy, Shimoga-577 201, India.

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|November 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mucoadhesive microbeads were developed using low methoxyl pectin and various copolymers. These microbeads demonstrate controlled drug release, with mucoadhesivity influenced by copolymer concentration.

Keywords:
Pectinhydroxypropyl methylcelluloseionotropic gelationmicrobeadsmucoadhesion

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy by prolonging drug residence time at absorption sites.
  • Low methoxyl pectin is a promising natural polymer for mucoadhesive formulations due to its gelling properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prepare and characterize mucoadhesive microbeads using low methoxyl pectin and various copolymers.
  • To investigate the impact of copolymer type and concentration on microbead properties, mucoadhesivity, and in vitro drug release.

Main Methods:

  • Mucoadhesive microbeads were fabricated using ionotropic gelation.
  • Combinations of low methoxyl pectin with hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, and carbopol 934P were explored.
  • Mucoadhesivity, microbead size, drug entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release kinetics were evaluated.

Main Results:

  • Spherical microbeads with high drug entrapment (78.69–85.84%) and sizes ranging from 791.90 to 960.88 μm were successfully prepared.
  • Cross-linking agent concentration significantly affected encapsulation efficiency.
  • Mucoadhesivity was directly correlated with copolymer concentration, indicating enhanced adhesion with increased polymer content.
  • In vitro drug release was pH-dependent and followed first-order kinetics, suggesting diffusion-controlled release.

Conclusions:

  • The developed mucoadhesive microbeads show potential for controlled drug delivery applications.
  • Copolymer selection and concentration are critical parameters for optimizing mucoadhesive properties and drug release profiles.
  • The ionotropic gelation method is effective for producing mucoadhesive microbeads with desirable characteristics.