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Population based cohort study for pediatric infectious diseases research in Vietnam
Lay-Myint Yoshida1, Motoi Suzuki1, Vu Dinh Thiem2
1Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University , 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
Insights
This study identified major viral pathogens like RSV and influenza A causing severe pediatric infectious diseases (SPID) in Vietnam. Environmental and social factors also contribute to risks like pneumonia and dengue.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Severe pediatric infectious diseases (SPID) are a major cause of mortality in children under 5 in Vietnam.
- Understanding the etiology and risk factors for SPID is crucial for public health interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the etiology and risk factors for severe pediatric infectious diseases (SPID) in Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam.
- To investigate the incidence, viral causes, and risk factors for pediatric acute respiratory infection (ARI)/pneumonia.
- To explore the impact of congenital infections and host genetics on SPID hospitalization.
Main Methods:
- Population-based cohort study and census survey in Nha-Trang and Ninh-Hoa.
- Linking census data with hospital databases to analyze SPID risk factors.
- Prospective hospitalized pediatric ARI surveillance to identify viral pathogens and risk factors.
Main Results:
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), rhinovirus, and influenza A were identified as major viral pathogens in pediatric pneumonia.
- Environmental tobacco smoke exposure was linked to increased risk of pediatric pneumonia hospitalization.
- Population density, water supply, and animal livestock were associated with risks of dengue fever and hospitalized diarrhea.
Conclusions:
- Multiple viral infections and their interactions with bacteria play a role in pneumonia development.
- Environmental and social-behavioral factors significantly influence the risk of SPID.
- Ongoing birth cohort studies aim to further elucidate congenital infections and genetic influences on SPID.
Abstract:
A population-based cohort study on pediatric infectious diseases was established at Khanh Hoa Province, central Vietnam in 2006, to determine the etiology and risk factors for severe pediatric infectious diseases (SPID) such as acute respiratory infection (ARI), diarrhea and dengue which are the major causes of under 5 mortality. A population census survey was conducted in Nha-Trang and Ninh-Hoa to collect demographic, social-behavioral data and disease burden on SPID. The study site covered a population of 353,525 residing in 75,826 households with 24,781 children less than 5 years. Hospital databases from two hospitals covering the region were obtained. Linking the census and hospital databases, we were able to investigate on a variety of SPID such as environmental tobacco smoking exposure and increased risked of pediatric pneumonia hospitalization, population density, water supply and risk of dengue fever and animal livestock and risk of hospitalized diarrhea. To determine incidence, viral etiology and risk factors for pediatric ARI/pneumonia, we setup a population based prospective hospitalized Pediatric ARI surveillance at Khanh Hoa General Hospital, Nha-Trang in February 2007. The study has revealed RSV, rhinovirus and influenza A as major viral pathogens, role of multiple viral infection and its interaction with bacteria in the development of pneumonia. In addition, we are also conducting a birth cohort study to investigate the incidence of congenital infection and its impact on physical-neurological development, and role of host genetic polymorphism on SPID hospitalization in Vietnam. Population mobility, high cost of regular census update and low mortality are the challenges.
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