Histone modifications: Targeting head and neck cancer stem cells

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Epigenetics
• Cancer Stem Cell Biology

Background:

• Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a prevalent cancer with dismal survival rates, largely due to chemoresistance.
• Mechanisms of chemoresistance include genetic/epigenetic alterations and signaling pathways, with emerging evidence implicating cancer stem cells (CSCs).

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current knowledge on epigenetic modifications in HNSCC and CSCs.
• To discuss the role of DNA methylation and histone modifications in CSC response and therapy resistance.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on HNSCC epigenetics and CSC biology.
• Analysis of post-translational histone modifications and their impact on CSC plasticity.

Main Results:

• Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, significantly influence HNSCC development and chemoresistance.
• Pharmacological induction of histone modifications can modulate CSC plasticity, suggesting potential therapeutic avenues.

Conclusions:

• Understanding CSC biology in response to epigenetic regulation is crucial for developing novel HNSCC therapies.
• Targeting epigenetic mechanisms offers a promising strategy to overcome tumor resistance and improve patient outcomes.