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Viruses with RNA Genomes

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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible...
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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...
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Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes
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NCBI viral genomes resource.

J Rodney Brister1, Danso Ako-Adjei2, Yiming Bao2

  • 1National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA jamesbr@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

Nucleic Acids Research
|November 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The NCBI Viral Genomes Resource organizes vast amounts of virus genome sequencing data. This vital resource aids researchers in identifying, assembling, and annotating viral sequences for improved public health insights.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Technological advancements have led to a surge in virus genome sequencing.
  • Effective management of this data is crucial for understanding viral biology and public health.
  • Existing resources struggle to keep pace with the rapidly expanding volume of viral sequence data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the NCBI Viral Genomes Resource as a solution for managing and utilizing the explosion of viral sequence data.
  • To improve the usability and accessibility of viral sequence information for the scientific community.
  • To address the challenges of annotating and maintaining reference sequences amidst rapid data growth.

Main Methods:

  • Cataloging all publicly available virus genome sequences.
  • Curating and maintaining high-quality reference genome sequences.
  • Developing an adaptive data model to represent extant sequences and enhance reference products.

Main Results:

  • The NCBI Viral Genomes Resource provides a centralized platform for accessing and organizing viral genome data.
  • The resource facilitates sequence identification, read assembly, and annotation.
  • The data model has been recalibrated to better serve the needs of diverse viral research communities.

Conclusions:

  • The NCBI Viral Genomes Resource is essential for navigating the complexities of modern viral genomics.
  • Leveraging community knowledge is key to developing comprehensive and well-annotated reference virus genome sets.
  • This resource promises to enhance our understanding of viral biology and inform public health policies.