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Plunge Freezing: A Tool for the Ultrastructural and Immunolocalization Studies of Suspension Cells in Transmission Electron Microscopy
Published on: May 5, 2017
Freeze-all policy: is it time for that?
1ORIGEN - Center for Reproductive Medicine, Av Rodolfo de Amoedo, 140 - Barra da Tijuca, 22520-350, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, matheusroque@hotmail.com.
The freeze-all policy, involving elective frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET), shows improved in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes and reduced obstetric complications compared to fresh embryo transfer (ET). This approach mitigates risks associated with controlled ovarian stimulation (COS).
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Medicine
- Embryology
- Obstetrics
Background:
- Controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) in IVF may negatively impact endometrial receptivity and pregnancy outcomes.
- Concerns exist regarding the safety of COS during fresh embryo transfer (ET).
- Advancements in cryopreservation enable effective elective frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET).
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare fresh ET with elective FET regarding COS interference.
- To evaluate implantation, endometrial receptivity, IVF safety, and obstetric/perinatal outcomes.
- To assess the benefits of the 'freeze-all' policy.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of available evidence.
- Comparison of fresh ET versus elective FET (freeze-all policy).
Main Results:
- Cryopreservation techniques show minimal detrimental effects on embryos and offspring.
- COS may adversely affect the endometrium, potentially leading to poorer outcomes with fresh ET.
- Fresh ET carries a risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS).
Conclusions:
- Growing evidence supports the freeze-all policy for better IVF outcomes.
- Elective FET is associated with decreased obstetric and perinatal morbidity compared to fresh ET.
- The freeze-all policy appears safer and more effective than fresh ET.
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