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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Diverticular disease involves the formation of diverticula—small sac-like outpouchings of the colonic wall—and their complications. It most commonly affects the sigmoid colon due to higher intraluminal pressure and structural vulnerability. It results from structural weakness and increased pressure in the colon, producing pseudodiverticula that may remain silent or progress to inflammation and serious complications.Structure of DiverticulaIn diverticulosis, these outpouchings are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation via Colonoscopy for Recurrent C. difficile Infection
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[Clostridium difficile in visceral surgery].

T Herzog1, C Deleites, O Belyaev

  • 1Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, St. Josef Hospital, Klinikum der Ruhr Universität Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Deutschland.

Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift Fur Alle Gebiete Der Operativen Medizen
|November 30, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is increasing in surgical patients. While conservative treatments are often successful, mortality is high for those needing intensive care, especially after colectomy.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Surgical Infections
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a growing concern for surgeons due to its increasing incidence and virulence.
  • Early identification of CDI is crucial for managing this potentially life-threatening condition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequency of CDI in surgical patients.
  • To evaluate the success rates of different CDI treatments.
  • To identify factors associated with mortality in surgical patients with CDI.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with CDI.
  • Data collected from January 2004 to June 2012 at St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum.

Main Results:

  • Overall CDI incidence was 0.6%; surgical patient cases rose from 1 in 2004 to 41 in 2011.
  • Conservative management with metronidazole or vancomycin was common; overall mortality was 7%.
  • Sepsis, ICU readmission, vasopressor use, and mechanical ventilation were associated with mortality; colectomy had an 86% mortality rate.

Conclusions:

  • Conservative CDI management is effective for most, but intensive care is linked to high mortality.
  • Colectomy for CDI, often a last resort for sepsis patients, carries nearly 100% mortality.
  • Prior antibiotic therapy is the most significant risk factor for developing CDI.