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Related Concept Videos

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

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Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
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Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

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Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
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Huntington Disease l: Introduction01:21

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Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show...
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Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

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Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
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Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Generating Acute and Chronic Experimental Models of Motor Tic Expression in Rats
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Generating Acute and Chronic Experimental Models of Motor Tic Expression in Rats

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Tics and tourette syndrome.

Christos Ganos1, Davide Martino2

  • 1Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, 33 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52 D, Hamburg 20246, Germany.

Neurologic Clinics
|November 30, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by tics. Recognizing associated conditions like ADHD and ASD is crucial for effective treatment and improved quality of life.

Keywords:
Functional anatomyGilles de la Tourette syndromeTic pathophysiologyTic treatmentTics

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder.
  • Tics are the defining feature of GTS.
  • Comorbidities such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently occur with GTS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on tics in GTS.
  • To review associated comorbidities and differential diagnoses for tic disorders.
  • To provide an overview of pathophysiologic models and contemporary treatment strategies for GTS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing knowledge.
  • Summary of diagnostic criteria and clinical presentations.
  • Overview of current research on tic generation and treatment.

Main Results:

  • Tics are the hallmark of GTS, often accompanied by ADHD, OCD, and ASD.
  • Accurate diagnosis and recognition of comorbidities are essential for effective management.
  • Understanding pathophysiologic models informs treatment approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive understanding of GTS, its comorbidities, and pathophysiology is key.
  • Efficient treatment strategies are vital for promoting healthy development and quality of life in individuals with GTS.