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Updated: Apr 20, 2026
Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients
Published on: December 16, 2022
Instrument development and validation of the stroke pre-hospital delay behavior intention scale in a Chinese urban
Qiuli Zhao1, Li Yang2, Qingqing Zuo3
1School of Nursing, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, HeiLongJiang Province, 150086, China. zhaoqiuli1957@163.com.
Background:
Several stroke impairment scales are currently available for stroke patients but none of them provide information regarding the pre-stroke behavioral intentions of high-risk stroke patients and their relatives. This study's objective was to generate and validate a new written tool, the Stroke Pre-hospital Delay Behavior Intention (SPDBI) scale. It is suitable for use with high-risk stroke patients and their relatives to predict the likelihood of pre-hospital delay.
Methods:
From a review of related studies, we formulated a prototype scale. We interviewed ten stroke patients in a semi-structured iterative process that included interviews with experts, high-risk patients, and their family members. Then, we pretested and filtered items. We next used a large sample size and factor analysis to determine the scale's structure. Finally, we checked the reliability and validity of the scale.
Results:
We identified five sub-domains (stroke warning signs, non-treatment justification, symptom attributions, habitual response style, and emergency system use). The SPDBI demonstrated good internal consistency and test-retest reliability (Cronbach's α =0.808; Intraclass Correlation Coefficient [ICC] =0.797).
Conclusions:
This SPDBI scale is a reliable, and valid measure of the likeliness of pre-hospital delay in high-risk stroke patients and their family members. It may provide scientific assessment for targeted health education intervention.
