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Vincenzo Grimaldi1, Maria Teresa Vietri, Concetta Schiano

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Epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, drive atherosclerosis. This review details key epigenetically regulated genes and non-coding RNAs involved in the disease process.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis pathogenesis involves epigenetic alterations.
  • DNA methylation and histone modifications are key epigenetic mechanisms.
  • These changes impact endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and inflammatory pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key genes epigenetically modified in atherosclerosis.
  • To discuss the role of non-coding RNAs in epigenetic regulation of atherosclerosis.
  • To highlight genes involved in endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and lipid metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epigenetic mechanisms in atherosclerosis.
  • Focus on specific genes: NOS, ERs, COL15A1, VEGFR, TET, IFN-γ, FOXP3, TNF-α, p66shc, LOX1, APOE.
  • Discussion of non-coding RNA involvement.

Main Results:

  • Identified key genes epigenetically regulated in endothelial dysfunction (e.g., NOS, ERs).
  • Highlighted genes involved in atherosclerotic inflammation (e.g., IFN-γ, FOXP3).
  • Discussed genes regulated by cholesterol and homocysteine (e.g., APOE, LOX1).
  • Emphasized the role of ncRNAs in regulating endothelial function, lipid metabolism, and inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic modifications are central to atherosclerosis development.
  • Targeting specific epigenetically regulated genes and ncRNAs may offer therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into ncRNA-mediated epigenetic regulation is warranted.