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Related Concept Videos

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I01:25

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I

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A model is a theoretical way to understand a concept or an idea. Models can overcome barriers to health regardless of diverse economic and cultural backgrounds. In addition, models make the task easier by providing different ways to approach complex issues. There are two major health promotion models: the health belief model and the health promotion model.
The health belief model (HBM) attempts to predict health-related behavior in specific belief patterns. According to the HBM, a person's...
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II01:18

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II

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The person's health status fluctuates continually, varying from being in good health to becoming ill and returning to being healthy. To understand the concept of illness prevention, there are two models. First, the health-illness continuum model is a graphic representation of an individual's wellness. It states that a person is considered healthy in the absence of physical disease and the presence of good emotional health.
The agent-host-environment model states that disease results...
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Motivational Bias01:25

Motivational Bias

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Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
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Obedience01:08

Obedience

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According to obedience research, we may harm others under the forceful pressures of an authority figure (Milgram, 1974). How about if the inappropriate orders were delivered with less force? The increasing interdependence between nurses and physicians compelled Hofling and his colleagues to explore nurses’ reactions to a potentially harmful medical request made by the perceived authority figure, the doctor (Hofling, Brotzman, Dalrymple, Graves, & Pierce, 1966). In this situation,...
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Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention

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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
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Related Experiment Video

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Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
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Are health nudges coercive?

Muireann Quigley

    Monash Bioethics Review
    |December 2, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Behavioral research, particularly nudges, is gaining policy attention for health promotion. However, this analysis argues that nudges do not constitute coercion, as they lack the control element inherent in true coercion.

    Area of Science:

    • Public Policy
    • Behavioral Economics
    • Ethics

    Background:

    • Governments increasingly utilize behavioral research, especially 'nudges,' to achieve policy objectives like health promotion.
    • Nudges face ethical objections, including undermining autonomy, reducing responsibility, lacking transparency, and potential manipulation or coercion.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To critically examine the claim that nudges constitute coercion.
    • To analyze nudges within established theoretical frameworks of coercion.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of literature on nudging and coercion.
    • Analysis of nudges through the lens of the 'pressure approach' and 'enforcement approach' to coercion.

    Main Results:

    • Coercion fundamentally involves an element of control over an agent's behavior.

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  • Nudges, as typically conceptualized and exemplified in policy discussions, do not demonstrate this requisite level of control.

    • Conclusions:

    • The application of coercion frameworks to nudges is not supported by the nature of nudges themselves.
    • Nudges, while potentially subject to other ethical considerations, do not meet the criteria for coercion.