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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Integrator and Differentiator

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Op-amp circuits have significant applications in various fields, including automotive engineering. One such application is cruise control systems in cars, where op-amp circuits are integral for maintaining a constant speed. In these systems, op-amps function as both integrators and differentiators.
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Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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A comparison of non-integrating reprogramming methods.

Thorsten M Schlaeger1, Laurence Daheron2, Thomas R Brickler2

  • 11] Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Nature Biotechnology
|December 2, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study systematically evaluated Sendai-viral (SeV), episomal (Epi), and mRNA methods for generating integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Each method yielded high-quality hiPSCs, but differed in aneuploidy rates, efficiency, reliability, and workload.

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Generation of Integration-free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Using Episomal Vectors
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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Cellular reprogramming
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are crucial for disease modeling, drug discovery, and cell-based therapeutics.
  • A systematic evaluation of integration-free hiPSC generation techniques is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare Sendai-viral (SeV), episomal (Epi), and mRNA transfection methods for generating integration-free hiPSCs.
  • To assess differences in reprogramming efficiency, reliability, workload, and aneuploidy rates.
  • To provide a resource for selecting appropriate hiPSC generation methods for various applications, including clinical translation.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of Sendai-viral (SeV), episomal (Epi), and mRNA transfection methods.
  • Evaluation based on criteria including reprogramming efficiency, reliability, workload, and aneuploidy rates.
  • Survey of human reprogramming laboratories regarding their experiences and preferences.

Main Results:

  • All tested methods generated high-quality hiPSCs.
  • Significant differences were observed in aneuploidy rates, reprogramming efficiency, reliability, and workload among the methods.
  • Laboratory survey provided insights into practical experiences and preferences.

Conclusions:

  • The choice of hiPSC generation method impacts key parameters like efficiency and safety.
  • Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of each method is essential for optimizing hiPSC production.
  • This comparative analysis aids researchers and clinicians in selecting the most suitable reprogramming strategy for their specific needs.