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Generating Strictly Controlled Stimuli for Figure Recognition Experiments
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False recognition of instruction-set lures.

Evan T Curtis1, Chrissy M Chubala1, Jackie Spear1

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Memory (Hove, England)
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Participants frequently misremember words presented in instructions, a phenomenon known as instruction-set lure false recognition. This robust effect highlights how easily memory can be influenced by familiarity.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Memory Research
  • Human Factors

Background:

  • False remembering is a known cognitive phenomenon.
  • Previous research utilized methods like the Deese-Roediger-McDermott procedure.
  • This study explores a novel paradigm for examining false recognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate false recognition of words embedded within experimental instructions (instruction-set lures).
  • To determine the robustness of instruction-set lure false recognition under various conditions.
  • To identify factors that may mitigate this type of false memory.

Main Methods:

  • Six experiments were conducted using a unique empirical framework.
  • Participants were exposed to instruction-set lures within study instructions.
  • Recognition accuracy was measured, comparing instruction-set lures to standard lures.

Main Results:

  • Participants exhibited a false alarm rate to instruction-set lures that was double that of standard lures.
  • This finding remained statistically significant despite manipulations like increased target-lure strength, warnings, camouflage, and modality shifts (verbal to visual).
  • False recognition was only reduced when participants were distracted between lure exposure and study.

Conclusions:

  • Recognition memory is highly susceptible to familiarity, leading to robust false recognition.
  • Instruction-set lures represent a potent method for inducing false memories.
  • Distraction can serve as a potential, albeit limited, buffer against this form of memory error.