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Related Concept Videos

Nondisjunction01:21

Nondisjunction

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Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold...
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During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
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Oogenesis02:07

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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Establishment of an Experimental Mouse Model of Endometrioma to Study its Related Infertility
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Non-obstructive müllerian anomalies.

Jennifer E Dietrich1, Debra M Millar2, Elisabeth H Quint3

  • 1Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of OBGYN, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.

Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-obstructive congenital anomalies of the uterus and vagina can be asymptomatic and easily missed. Diagnosis and individualized treatment are crucial for managing reproductive health and potential complications.

Keywords:
Congenital anomaly reproductive tractLevels B and C (see Appendix for detailed grading information)MullerianNon-obstructive

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Gynecologic Anatomy
  • Congenital Anomalies

Background:

  • Focuses on non-obstructive congenital anomalies of the reproductive tract, including vaginal agenesis and uterine/vaginal anomalies.
  • These conditions often present without pain during puberty and may be overlooked due to normal external genitalia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss non-obstructive morphologic variations in uterine and vaginal anatomy.
  • To highlight diagnostic and management strategies for these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review utilizing the GRADE system for evidence assessment.

Main Results:

  • Congenital anomalies may be missed on routine physical exams; symptoms range from menstrual hygiene issues to primary amenorrhea and reproductive complications.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for diagnosing these Müllerian variants.

Conclusions:

  • Women present at various ages due to asymptomatic nature or late symptom onset.
  • Management requires careful counseling on obstetric/gynecologic risks, with individualized treatment options including surgical and non-surgical approaches.
  • Specific conditions like communicating uterine horns carry a high risk of ectopic pregnancy, necessitating recommended excision.