Development of a Surgical Simulation Model for Management of Complete Vaginal Stenosis: A Feasibility Study

Opportunities for vaginal surgery education vary across pediatric and adolescent gynecology (PAG) and OB/GYN training programs, with limited exposure to vaginal reconstructive techniques. Consequently, many trainees apply these reconstructive techniques for the first time in the operating room. To address this gap in surgical education, we performed a feasibility study wherein the development and implementation of the Complete Vaginal Stenosis simulation model is described. We describe the model's use in highlighting the Z-plasty technique for surgical management of complete vaginal stenosis.

We created the model in collaboration with a local undergraduate engineering group. The model was developed in an iterative fashion over 2 simulation workshops hosted at the North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Annual Clinical and Research meeting in 2024 and 2025.

A total of 70 participants completed the post-simulation feedback survey. In 2025, 71% of respondents reported that the simulation workshop duration was "just right", compared with 62% in 2024. Mean 10-point scale ratings of the hands-on experience with the simulation model were similar across years (9.4 in 2024 and 9.3 in 2025). All participants reported they would participate in the Z-plasty simulation again.

In the next phase of implementation, inclusion of our simulation model into surgical curricula may allow for longitudinal assessment of trainees. It is important that gynecologic surgeons are trained to master vaginal reconstructive techniques prior to real-life clinical application in the operating room. Use of our Complete Vaginal Stenosis model may support procedural readiness and improve reproductive health outcomes.