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Related Concept Videos

Goiter01:27

Goiter

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Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...
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Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

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Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor,...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images
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A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images

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Pediatric thyroid nodules and malignancy.

Kris R Jatana1, Donald Zimmerman2

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, 555 South 18th Street, Suite 2A, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Effective management of pediatric thyroid nodules requires a detailed patient history, physical examination, and appropriate fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Comprehensive care at a specialized pediatric center ensures optimal outcomes for children with thyroid nodules.

Keywords:
Neck massPediatric thyroidPediatric thyroidectomyThyroid cancerThyroid nodule

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Thyroidology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Pediatric thyroid nodules require careful management for favorable outcomes.
  • Early identification and evaluation are essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the essential steps in the proper management of pediatric thyroid nodules.
  • To emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach.

Main Methods:

  • Thorough patient history including radiation exposure and family history.
  • Comprehensive physical examination focusing on the thyroid and lymph nodes.
  • Fine-needle aspiration biopsy for specific nodule sizes and risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Nodules >10 mm or those 5-10 mm with risk factors warrant biopsy.
  • Clinical and sonographic risk factors guide diagnostic decisions.

Conclusions:

  • A systematic approach involving history, physical exam, and biopsy is crucial.
  • Treatment at a specialized pediatric center optimizes patient care and outcomes.