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Related Concept Videos

Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC): Overview01:11

Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC): Overview

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Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatography technique that separates compounds based on their polarity. TLC typically uses polar silica gel, a form of silicon dioxide, as the stationary phase. The silica gel contains hydroxyl (OH) groups on its surface, which form hydrogen bonds with polar compounds, influencing their adhesion to the stationary phase.
To begin the analysis, a mixture of compounds is spotted on the starting line on the TLC plate using a thin capillary. The bottom of the...
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

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High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
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Chromatography: Introduction01:10

Chromatography: Introduction

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Chromatography is a technique used to separate compounds based on differences of partitioning between two phases, the stationary phase and the mobile phase.
The phase in which the compounds linger or on which the compounds adsorb is called the stationary phase, whereas the mobile phase is the solvent that carries the solutes to be analyzed. In traditional column chromatography, the mixture flows through the stationary phase, and the compounds partition between the stationary and mobile phases...
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation00:57

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

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High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.
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Principles Of Column Chromatography01:13

Principles Of Column Chromatography

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The chromatography technique was first invented in 1901 by Michael S. Tswett, a Russian botanist, to separate plant pigments using organic solvents. Further, in 1941, Archer John Porter Martin and R. L. M. Synge modified the technique by packing silica gel into a column. A mixture of amino acids was then separated on the packed column using chloroform and water mixture as the mobile phase. This was the first report on column chromatography. At present, column chromatography is a widely used...
10.1K
Optimizing Chromatographic Separations01:15

Optimizing Chromatographic Separations

1.4K
Optimizing chromatographic separations is crucial for obtaining clean separations in a minimum amount of time. Optimization is required for several factors, including kinetic effects related to band broadening, plate height, capacity factor, and separation factor.
Band broadening refers to spreading solute bands as they travel through the column. This broadening can impact resolution. Plate height (H) represents the length required for one theoretical plate. A lower plate height corresponds to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Estimating the Yield of Compounds on the TLC Plate via the Blue-LED Illumination Technique
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Miniaturized planar chromatography using office peripherals--office chromatography.

Gertrud E Morlock1

  • 1Food Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Interdisciplinary Research Centre (IFZ) and Institute of Nutritional Science, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.

Journal of Chromatography. A
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Office chromatography (OC) integrates printing technology with miniaturized separation science for rapid, high-throughput analysis. This green chemistry approach offers economical and user-friendly analytical solutions using common office equipment.

Keywords:
AutomatizationMiniaturizationOnline planar chromatographyPrint and media technologiesUltrathin-layer chromatography (UTLC)

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Office chromatography (OC) merges miniaturized planar separation science with modern printing and media technologies.
  • It enables an innovative analytical online system through site-specific printing of samples, mobile phases, and reagents on miniaturized separation materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and describe the principles and capabilities of office chromatography (OC).
  • To highlight OC's potential as a high-throughput, economical, and environmentally friendly analytical technique.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizes site-specific printing for sample application, mobile phase delivery, and derivatization reagent supply on miniaturized planar layers.
  • Employs image capturing (flatbed scanner or mini-camera) and evaluation for analyzing miniaturized chromatograms.
  • Explores various miniaturized separation materials, including monolithic, electrospun, and nanostructured layers, with thicknesses down to a few micrometers.

Main Results:

  • Achieves high-throughput analysis via parallel processing of numerous tiny-printed samples.
  • Reduces migration time to minutes and analysis time per sample to seconds.
  • Demonstrates significantly reduced solvent consumption, aligning with green chemistry principles.

Conclusions:

  • OC offers a user-friendly, economical, and widespread analytical technique.
  • Its integration of printing and miniaturized separation science provides rapid, efficient, and environmentally conscious analysis.
  • The technique requires minimal equipment, primarily a combined printer and scanner/camera device.