Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 20, 2026
Knee Arthrocentesis in Adults
Published on: February 25, 2022
Surgeon-rated visualization in shoulder arthroscopy: a randomized blinded controlled trial comparing irrigation fluid
Daniel M Avery1, Brett W Gibson2, Gregory F Carolan2
1St. Luke's Orthopaedic Specialists, St. Luke's University Hospital, Bethlehem, PA, U.S.A..
Purpose:
The objective of the current study was to compare surgeon-rated visualization in shoulder arthroscopy using irrigation fluid with and without epinephrine.
Methods:
Eighty-three patients were randomized to receive irrigation fluid with (44 patients) or without (39 patients) epinephrine during their arthroscopic shoulder procedures. After each procedure, the blinded senior author (G.F.C.) evaluated visualization based on a visual analog scale (VAS), and all clinically important procedure variables were recorded.
Results:
Eighty-three arthroscopic shoulder procedures were included in the study. Fifty-four of these procedures were arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs, allowing a subset analysis of this specific procedure. There was a significant difference, with improved visualization in the epinephrine group versus the group without epinephrine when comparing all procedures (P < .0001) and when comparing only rotator cuff repairs (P < .0001). However, there was no statistical difference in other clinically important variables, including operative time and amount of irrigation fluid used.
Conclusions:
The addition of epinephrine to irrigation fluid significantly improves surgeon-rated visualization in shoulder arthroscopy. Without an observed significant difference in operative time or volume of irrigation fluid used, the clinical significance of this improved visualization is unclear, and the use of irrigation fluid without epinephrine remains a viable option in the hands of an experienced surgeon.
Level Of Evidence:
Level I, high-quality randomized controlled trial with statistically significant difference.
