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Bacterial Na+ energetics.

V P Skulachev1

  • 1Department of Bioenergetics, A.N. Belozersky Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow State University, USSR.

FEBS Letters
|June 19, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Bacteria utilize sodium ion (Na+) circulation for energy transduction, complementing proton (H+) cycles. This sodium-linked energy system enhances bacterial resilience in challenging environments.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Cellular Physiology

Background:

  • Bacterial energy transduction traditionally relies on proton (H+) circulation.
  • Novel observations reveal sodium ion (Na+) circulation also plays a crucial role in bacterial energy metabolism.
  • Some bacterial membranes exhibit co-existing H+ and Na+ cycles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore novel observations regarding Na+-linked energy transduction in bacterial membranes.
  • To identify and characterize bacterial cells employing Na+ cycles ('sodium world').
  • To understand the functional significance of Na+ cycles in bacterial physiology.

Main Methods:

  • Consideration of novel observations on Na+-linked energy transduction.
  • Identification of primary Na+ pumps (delta mu Na generators and consumers).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of enzymes capable of transporting either H+ or Na+.

    • Main Results:

    • Many bacterial genera possess Na+ pumps, including Na+-NADH-quinone reductase, Na+-terminal oxidase, Na+-decarboxylases, and Na+-ATPases.
    • Key Na+ consumers identified are Na+-ATP-synthases, Na+-metabolite symporters, and Na+ motors.
    • Certain enzymes, like F0F1-type Na+-ATP-synthase, can switch between translocating H+ and Na+.

    Conclusions:

    • The existence of distinct Na+-linked energy transduction systems in bacteria is confirmed.
    • The co-existence of H+ and Na+ cycles within the same membrane is demonstrated.
    • Utilizing Na+ cycles enhances bacterial resistance to alkaline conditions and protonophores, improving survival in adverse environments.