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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

External Cephalic Version: Is it an Effective and Safe Procedure?
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[Sectio caesarea: actual controversy].

R-Christine Schuller1, Daniel Surbek1

  • 1Universitätsklinik für Frauenheilkunde, Inselspital Bern.

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|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cesarean section, a common surgical procedure, is vital for improving maternal and infant outcomes in complicated births. Its increasing frequency and long-term implications, including ethical considerations for elective procedures, are important factors in obstetric care.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetric Medicine
  • Surgical Procedures

Background:

  • Cesarean section is a frequently performed operation in human medicine.
  • It is a routine procedure with low morbidity and mortality, crucial for improving perinatal outcomes in cases of cephalo-pelvic disproportion, dystocia, malpresentation, preterm birth, macrosomia, placental insufficiency, placenta praevia, or fetal distress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the increasing frequency of cesarean sections over the past 20 years.
  • To highlight the influence of socioeconomic factors and education on cesarean rates.
  • To address the long-term consequences and ethical considerations of cesarean section on demand.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on cesarean section trends and outcomes.
  • Analysis of factors influencing cesarean section incidence.
  • Discussion of ethical debates surrounding elective cesarean births.

Main Results:

  • Cesarean section rates have increased significantly over the last two decades.
  • Incidence varies between countries and regions, influenced by socioeconomic status and education.
  • Long-term consequences for future pregnancies are well-documented.

Conclusions:

  • Cesarean section remains an essential obstetric procedure for managing high-risk pregnancies.
  • The rising rates and elective procedures warrant ongoing discussion regarding medical necessity and patient autonomy.
  • Further research into long-term maternal and infant outcomes is essential.