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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

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Dementia drug consumption in the Basque Country between 2006 and 2011.

G Villanueva1, M López de Argumedo1, I Elizondo2

  • 1Servicio de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias del Gobierno Vasco (OSTEBA), Departamento de Salud, Gobierno Vasco, Bilbao, Bizkaia, España.

Neurologia (Barcelona, Spain)
|December 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Medication use for dementia cognitive symptoms rose nearly 50% from 2006-2011 in the Basque Country. Spending increased, with significant provincial prescribing variations noted for Alzheimer's disease drugs.

Keywords:
Alzheimer diseaseCholinesterase inhibitorsDemenciaDementiaEnfermedad de AlzheimerInhibidores de la colinesterasaMemantinaMemantine

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric pharmacology
  • Neurodegenerative disease therapeutics
  • Public health pharmacy

Background:

  • Cognitive symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias are often treated with specific medications.
  • Understanding medication consumption patterns is crucial for healthcare planning and resource allocation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the consumption trends of key dementia medications in individuals over 60 in the Basque Country from 2006 to 2011.
  • To analyze variations in drug usage and associated expenditure across different provinces.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective descriptive study design was employed.
  • Prescribing data for donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and memantine were obtained from the Basque Government Department of Health.
  • Consumption was quantified using Defined Daily Doses (DDDs) and DDDs per 1000 inhabitants/day (DHD).

Main Results:

  • Overall medication consumption increased by 49.72% between 2006 and 2011.
  • Significant inter-drug (e.g., rivastigmine +93.18%) and inter-provincial (e.g., Gipuzkoa +57.37%) variations in consumption were observed.
  • Healthcare expenditure on these medications rose from €11.5 million to €18.1 million during the study period.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights a substantial rise in the consumption of dementia medications in the Basque Country.
  • Marked provincial differences in prescribing habits may contribute to observed consumption variations.
  • Increased drug expenditure directly correlates with consumption, while drug prices remained stable.